{"id":3916,"date":"2020-03-15T20:29:35","date_gmt":"2020-03-15T14:59:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/capitalante.com\/?p=3916"},"modified":"2020-12-21T21:55:54","modified_gmt":"2020-12-21T16:25:54","slug":"how-to-invest-in-the-stock-market","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/capitalante.com\/how-to-invest-in-the-stock-market\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Invest in the Stock Market"},"content":{"rendered":"
Many people get in confusion where and how to invest their hard earned money. There are many options of the large basket like gold, debt securities, bonds, equity etc. <\/span>Before investment in the stock market, you should consider your purpose, risk appetite, and time horizon.<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n The stock market will yield better returns over a long-term horizon. So, you should continue your investment for at least 10 years to get fruitful returns. In this column, we will share some valuable tips for beginners who wish to invest in the stock market i.e. how to invest in the stock market. These tips or information may be beneficial for you to achieve your financial goals in the near future.<\/span><\/p>\r\n One individual investor can start Investment in the stock market via either direct equity by opening of a demat account or mutual funds.<\/span> But putting your money physically in the stock market by any means is the fourth step of investment. Getting confused?<\/span> Let\u2019s make it clear with the following picture.<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/a><\/p>\r\n The first rule of investment is to ensure sufficient fund for any kind of emergency or unforeseen situation. Every person should save a satisfactory amount per month from his income. Then he can move to any kind of investment plan or scheme. <\/span>This saving amount may vary from person to person according to his status or requirements. So, create an emergency fund. Try to accumulate enough money in this fund so that you can bear your all expenses i.e., foods, clothes, insurance bills, and other necessary things of any kind of at least 6 months.<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n The second act is to take an insurance policy to secure your family in case of your uncertain demise. The most important thing is you should buy a term insurance plan at an early age. Whenever you start earning you should take a term plan. The earlier you take a term plan, the lesser the premium will be for the term plan.<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/a><\/p>\r\n Suppose, you buy a term plan at the age of 25 and you want to continue this plan till the age of 60 years. So, the duration of the term plan is 35 years. You can easily avail up to Rs. 1 crore as your life insurance for just Rs. 7100\/- yearly. But if you delay for 5 years, you need to pay a yearly premium of Rs. 8300\/-. Again if you buy a term insurance plan at the age of 35 years then you need to pay Rs. 10,200\/- per year for an assured sum of Rs. 1 Crore for the upcoming 25 years.<\/span><\/p>\r\n The third thing you need to do is to buy a health insurance policy. Health insurance\u00a0or Medi-claim Policy is an insurance\u00a0that covers any kind of health hazards or the risk of the\u00a0health of a person wholly or partially. It bears the medical expenses of a person that is incurred. You can opt for a health insurance for any kind of uncertain or accidental health problems.<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n To get the health insurance you need to select a lump sum amount and on the basis of it, you are to pay a premium either monthly or quarterly or yearly basis. <\/span> The insurance covers the medical expenses when you suffer from any health hazards and it helps to carry out the investment without worry. In other words, the health insurance policy will ensure fund on physical ailments of you as well as your family. This medical insurance policy diminishes the heavy medical bills.<\/span> After doing the above-said things you are free to invest in the stock market.<\/span><\/p>\r\n In order to make an investment in the stock market, the beginners have two options. The first option is to invest via direct equity by opening a Demat account and the second one is via a mutual fund. In order to make a profit in the stock market via direct equity, you need to analyze the fundamentals, business analysis, balance sheet, profit and loss account, free cash flow while choosing the stock in which you are going to invest.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n But in the case of mutual fund investment, you need not analyze the above-mentioned points. Mutual funds are managed by fund managers who are active in this field for a long time and possess vast knowledge and experience. The fund managers pick stocks or shares in which your money is to be invested. <\/span><\/p>\r\n The fund manager of the respective mutual fund invests your money in different sectors like Banking, Finance, FMCG, Infrastructure, Automobiles, Information Technology, and Manufacturing, etc. You may invest a lump sum amount at once or you may opt for a monthly, quarterly or yearly basis via SIP.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n If you are confused about which route you should follow to start investing in the stock market, i.e. direct equity or mutual fund you may read the article How you can invest, directly in equity or via mutual funds.<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n To open a mutual fund account or a Demat account you need the following documents: a Savings bank Account, a cancelled Cheque of the same account, Identity Proof like a PAN Card, Address Proof like Aadhar Card, Voter ID Card, etc., Two Passport Photograph.<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n Before you choose a broker, you should know that there are two types of brokers namely Full-service brokers and Discount brokers.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n A full-service broker offers services like giving you a savings bank account, a Demat account, a trading account, a detailed analysis of stocks, investment advice etc. The savings account, Demat account, and trading account are commonly named as a 3-in-1 account. A full-service broker gives the stock recommendation, trading calls, and future & option strategy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n A discount broker is a type of broker who gives you only Demat cum trading account from where you can make trades i.e., buying and selling of stocks or intraday trading. Unlike a full-service broker, a discount broker does not provide any research analysis or investment advice. If you want trading tips and advice you need to pay separately for that. Again a discount broker has a low brokerage charge in comparison to a full-service broker.<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/a><\/p>\r\n Mutual funds are managed by fund managers who are in the market for a long time and have vast knowledge and experience. The fund managers pick stocks or share across various sectors and industries in which your money is to be invested. If you give the fund Rs. 100\/- then the mutual fund invests your money in different sectors like banking, FMCG, Infrastructure, Automobiles, IT Sector etc. You may invest lump sum amount at once or you may opt for monthly, quarterly or yearly basis via SIP.<\/span><\/p>\r\n On the other hand in the case of investment via direct equity you need to choose and invest accordingly in those stocks or sectors whose business model is clear to you i.e., how the company earns money, whether it will exists after 20-30 years, what are the risk factors for the company etc. The next thing is to you need to invest your money into at least 10 sectors and 2 stocks of each sector. <\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n After choosing the sectors where you invest, you need to pick the best stocks for consistent returns. In order to pick the best stock, you should check out the following parameters of a company before investing in it.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Parameter #1. Revenue \u2013<\/span> Revenue or net sales of a company should be constant for at least 5 years. You may check that the company has been generating sales growth annually during the last 5 financial years of at least 10%.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Parameter #2. Net Profit \u2013<\/span> The net profit of a company increases at least 15% on a year-on-year basis.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Let\u2019s assume, a company has a net income of $ 10,000 per year. It Pays $5,000 in a preferred dividend to investors. It has 50 shares outstanding.<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/a><\/p>\r\n It is a good idea to invest your money in those stocks that regularly pay a dividend and deliver a Healthy dividend payout. The stocks which have delivered healthy dividend-paying must have following features<\/span><\/p>\r\n P\/E ratio should be low as compared to the other peer companies active in the same industry.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Let\u2019s assume, a company has a net income of $10000 per year. It Pays $5000 in preferred dividend to investors. It has 50 shares outstanding.<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/a><\/p>\r\n Now, if the stock currently trades at $1000, then<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/a><\/p>\r\n You need to choose such stocks that have P\/E less than 9. But P\/E varies from sector to sector. Lower P\/E ratio of sectors does not mean that this sector is undervalued and is going to boom and deliver a multi-bagger return in the near future compared to that sector which has a higher P\/E ratio.<\/span><\/p>\r\n These sectors have higher valuation just because the market is bullish on these sectors and their future potential like Automobile, FMCG, Petroleum, etc. They are the core sectors of the Indian economy and have the potential to deliver a robust performance in the upcoming years.<\/span><\/p>\r\n P\/B should be low as compared to peer companies operating in the same industry.<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/a><\/p>\r\n Let\u2019s assume, the stock currently trades at $ 100 and the book value per share is $ 10 then,<\/span><\/p>\r\n P\/B Ratio =\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 [$100\/$ 10] = 10.<\/span><\/p>\r\n You need to pick such stocks that have a P\/B ratio of less than one.<\/span><\/p>\r\n The ratio is the snapshot of the asset and liabilities of any company. You will find the assets and liabilities a company has in its balance sheet. Find such quality stocks that have a current ratio of more than 1.5.<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/a><\/p>\r\n Let\u2019s assume, the current assets of any company is $ 1200 and current liabilities is $ 400 then,<\/span><\/p>\r\n Current Ratio =\u00a0 [$1200\/$ 400] = 3.<\/span><\/p>\r\n This is the comparison between a company\u2019s own capital and the debt which the company borrows from a bank or a financial institution.<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/a><\/p>\r\n Suppose a company has a capital of Rs. 100\/- and it has borrowed Rs. 100 from a bank.<\/span><\/p>\r\n So the debt ratio of the company is 100:100 = 1 <\/span><\/p>\r\n A debt-free company is desirable. If not so the ration must be low to 0.10 or 0.25.<\/span><\/p>\r\n If the company has marginal or low debt or it is a debt-free company, the company is worth investing. Let us illustrate what is the difference between a high debt company and a debt-free company. When a company has huge debt from the market or bank or any other commercial institutions, then the company concentrates on the debt and its effort goes to pay the debt. <\/span><\/p>\r\n It cannot be sincere about the service, quality of the product or any other important aspects needed in the business. On the other hand, if the company is debt-free, the company can concentrate on product quality, service and customer satisfaction only. That is why a debt-free company is better than a high debt company.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Parameter #8. Return on Equity (ROE) \u2013<\/span> should be greater than 20%<\/span><\/p>\r\n Parameter #9. Dividend Yield \u2013<\/span> You can ensure about good dividend yield by the company.<\/span><\/p>\r\n A beta is a measurement of the volatility of a share in respect of the market. When Beta is less than 1, it means that the share is theoretically less volatile than the market. It means the common individual may invest his money for the long term. Again, if Beta is more than 1 means that the share is theoretically more volatile than the market. For example, if a stock\u2019s beta is 1.2, it means the stock is 20% more volatile than the market. So, a lesser beta means people are investing in that specific stock with a long-term perspective.<\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n To understand a company\u2019s true economic condition one should check the free cash flow of the respective company. Free cash flow actually reveals the profit the company makes. It implies a broader range in the company\u2019s functioning in overall business.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Whenever you check the free cash flow of a company, you should analyze from which source the company is gaining its capital for its day-to-day business. Usually, there are two sources, the first one is earning from running operation i.e., business and the second one is receiving debt from the market i.e., debt financing. If the company runs its operation from the profit earned by running operation you should stay invested with the company. But if the company runs its business by debt financing, naturally the debt will increase from time to time. So, stay clear of these types of companies or stocks.<\/span><\/p>\r\nHow to Invest in the Stock Market<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n
First Step<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n
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Second Step<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n
Third Step<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n
Finally, Start Investment<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n
<\/h4>\r\n
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Documents required to open a Demat account or a mutual fund folio in order to invest in the stock market<\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\r\n
Choose the right Stockbroker<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\r\n
Full-Service Broker<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\r\n
Discount Broker<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\r\n
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Diversification of your portfolio<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\r\n
If you are confused how to diversify your portfolio, you may read the article\u00a0<\/span>How to Diversify Stock Portfolio<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/blockquote>\r\n
How to Pick Best Stocks for Consistent Returns<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n
Parameter #3. Healthy dividend payout and stable Earnings-per-share<\/span><\/h3>\r\n
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Parameter #4. Price to Earnings Ratio (P\/E)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\r\n
Parameter #5. Price to Book Ratio (P\/B)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\r\n
Parameter #6. Current Ratio<\/span><\/h3>\r\n
Parameter #7. Debt to Equity Ratio<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\r\n
Parameter #10. Beta<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\r\n
Parameter #11. The cash\u00a0flow of the company<\/span><\/h3>\r\n